| Paper | GS Paper 3 |
| Word Limit | 150 words |
| Syllabus Topic | Internal Security – Linkages between Development and Spread of Extremism |
Model Answer
Left Wing Extremism (LWE), or Naxalism, began with the Naxalbari uprising (1967). The Union Government has set 31 March 2026 as the deadline to end it.
Security + development + rights = lasting end of LWE
Understanding LWE
- An armed movement based on Maoist ideology. It rejects parliamentary democracy and seeks power through violence.
- Its main group is the CPI (Maoist), formed in 2004.
- It thrives on tribal grievances in the Red Corridor.
How People Are Affected
- Tribals are caught in the crossfire; many are killed as “police informers”.
- Schools, roads and mobile towers are destroyed.
- Extortion (“levy”) and child recruitment.
- Security personnel die in IED blasts.
Government Measures
- National Policy and Action Plan (2015) and SAMADHAN strategy (2017).
- Fortified police stations, CoBRA units, Bastariya Battalion.
- Roads, mobile towers, Eklavya Model Residential Schools.
- PESA Act, 1996, Forest Rights Act, 2006 and surrender-cum-rehabilitation schemes.
Conclusion
Guns can clear an area, but only trust can hold it. Lasting peace needs good governance and tribal rights.
Related PYQs
- Left Wing Extremism (LWE) is showing a downward trend, but still affects many parts of the country. Briefly explain the Government of India’s approach to counter the challenges posed by LWE. (2018)
- Article 244 of Indian Constitution relates to Administration of Scheduled areas and tribal areas. Analyze the impact of non-implementation of the provisions of fifth schedule on the growth of Left Wing Extremism. (2013)
- Terrorism is a global scourge. How has it manifested in India? Elaborate with contemporary examples. What are the counter measures adopted by the State? Explain. (2025)
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