| Paper | GS Paper 1 |
| Word Limit | 150 words |
| Syllabus Topic | Indian Culture – Medieval Religion and Society |
Model Answer
Religious syncretism means blending ideas from different faiths. Akbar (1556–1605) followed a policy of Sulh-i-Kul (peace with all). It was both a spiritual search and a tool to unite a diverse empire.
Akbar’s syncretism: many paths, one policy of peace with all
Main Aspects
- Tolerant state: Abolished the pilgrim tax (1563) and jizya (1564).
- Dialogue: The Ibadat Khana at Fatehpur Sikri (1575) hosted Muslim, Hindu, Jain, Christian and Zoroastrian scholars.
- Mahzar (1579): Gave Akbar the final say in disputes among the ulema.
- Din-i-Ilahi (1582): A moral path drawn from many faiths. It was never forced on anyone.
- Cultural fusion: The Mahabharata was translated into Persian as Razmnama. Rajputs like Raja Man Singh got high ranks.
Limits
- Din-i-Ilahi had very few followers.
- Orthodox ulema, such as Badauni, opposed these reforms.
Conclusion
Akbar turned diversity into a source of strength. His policy foreshadowed the Indian idea of Sarva Dharma Samabhava (equal respect for all religions).
Related PYQs
- Sufis and medieval mystic saints failed to modify either the religious ideas and practices or the outward structure of Hindu / Muslim societies to any appreciable extent. Comment. (2014)
- Evaluate the nature of Bhakti Literature and its contribution to Indian culture. (2021)
- Persian literary sources of medieval India reflect the spirit of the age. Comment. (2020)
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