Explain briefly the ecological and economic benefits of solar energy generation in India with suitable examples. (2025, 10 Marks)

Paper	GS Paper 1
Word Limit	150 words
Syllabus Topic	Distribution of key natural resources – Energy resources

Model Answer

India gets plenty of sunshine for most of the year. Solar power is central to its target of 500 GW non-fossil fuel capacity by 2030. It gives both ecological and economic gains.

Ecological Benefits

• Low carbon: Cuts coal use and helps India reach Net Zero by 2070.
• Clean air: No smoke or fly ash, unlike thermal plants.
• Saves water: Panels need little water, unlike coal plants.
• Smart land use: Desert land at Bhadla (Rajasthan), canal-top panels in Gujarat and floating solar at Omkareshwar (MP).

Economic Benefits

• Energy security: Cuts costly coal and oil imports.
• Farmers: PM-KUSUM gives solar pumps; farmers can sell surplus power.
• Households: PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana aims at rooftop solar for 1 crore homes.
• Jobs: PLI scheme for solar modules boosts manufacturing and jobs.
• Models: Modhera (Gujarat) is a solar-powered village; Cochin Airport runs fully on solar.

Conclusion

Solar energy links climate action with growth. With storage and grid upgrades, it can power a green and self-reliant Viksit Bharat 2047.

Related PYQs

• India has immense potential of solar energy though there are regional variations in its development. Elaborate. (2020)
• Describe the benefits of deriving electric energy from sunlight in contrast to the conventional energy generation. What are the initiatives offered by our Government for this purpose? (2020)
• Examine the potential of wind energy in India and explain the reasons for their limited spatial spread. (2022)

Also read: Hydrogen as a renewable source of energy: merits and demerits

See all: Geography Mains (GS I) Previous Year Questions