Do you think that globalization results in only an aggressive consumer culture? Justify your answer. (2025, 10 Marks)

Paper	GS Paper 1
Word Limit	150 words
Syllabus Topic	Effects of Globalisation on Indian Society

Model Answer

Globalisation is the growing link of economies and cultures through trade, technology and people. After the 1991 LPG reforms (Liberalisation, Privatisation, Globalisation), it brought a visible consumer culture to India.

Yes, It Has Fuelled Consumerism

• Malls, e-commerce and global brands have made shopping a lifestyle.
• Easy credit, EMIs and ‘buy now, pay later’ push people to spend beyond need.
• Advertising links status to brands. This creates conspicuous consumption (buying to show off).

But Not Only Consumerism

• Economic: IT and service jobs created a new middle class.
• Social: Global ideas of rights and gender equality reached Indian homes.
• Cultural exchange: India also exports culture. The UN declared 21 June as International Day of Yoga; ‘Naatu Naatu’ won an Oscar in 2023.
• Glocalisation: Global firms adapt to local taste, like vegetarian menus.
• Counter-trend: Millets, ‘vocal for local’ and Mission LiFE promote mindful consumption.

Conclusion

Globalisation is a two-way street. It tempts people to consume more, but it also spreads opportunity, rights and Indian culture. Its outcome depends on how wisely society chooses.

Related PYQs

• Globalization has increased urban migration by skilled, young, unmarried women from various classes. How has this trend impacted upon their personal freedom and relationship with family? (2024)
• ‘Globalization is generally said to promote cultural homogenization but due to this cultural specificities appear to be strengthened in the Indian Society.’ Elucidate. (2018)
• “With the waning of globalization, post-Cold War world is becoming a site of sovereign nationalism.” Elucidate. (2025)

See all: Society Mains (GS I) Previous Year Questions